EV & Tesla Towing in Fresh Kills — 24/7
EV & Tesla Towing in Fresh Kills
Teslas, Rivians, Lucids, and every other EV get flatbed-only transport. Towing an EV with lift slings or dollies destroys the drivetrain — we never do it. 24/7 dispatch in Fresh Kills, typical 20–40 minute arrival, flat-rate pricing.
Fresh Kills EV & Tesla Towing — 24/7 Dispatch
Need ev & tesla towing in Fresh Kills? The NYC Towing Service runs this exact job 24 hours a day, with trucks staged in Staten Island and typical arrival times of 20–40 minutes. Pricing is flat-rate and quoted before we dispatch. There is no NYC surcharge layered in afterward, no "storage fee" that appears when you arrive at the drop, and no after-hours markup on overnight or weekend calls. If your situation in Fresh Kills calls for ev & tesla towing, dispatch the right truck once — from a licensed local operator who actually lives in Staten Island and knows the streets.
Every major EV maker — Tesla, Rivian, Lucid, Ford Lightning, Hyundai Ioniq, Kia EV6 — requires flatbed transport. Drive wheels must stay off the ground or the motor generates current that cooks the inverter and controller. Our EV protocol: flatbed with winch, wheel skates where needed for unresponsive vehicles, soft tie-downs at the chassis points (never the battery tray). Tesla owners can route to any authorized service center or supercharger; we coordinate with Tesla roadside insurance if you have it. That description is the baseline — every ev & tesla towing call adds context that changes exactly how we execute. A ev & tesla towing call in a narrow Fresh Kills side street requires different positioning than the same call on an open parkway shoulder. A call on a luxury or low-clearance vehicle requires different equipment than a call on a standard sedan. Dispatch sorts that on the phone so the right crew and rig show up the first time.
Drivers assigned to Fresh Kills know the shape of the neighborhood. They have been to the commercial blocks, the residential side streets, and the main corridors enough times to route around trouble without a map. They know which addresses only have SIN side access, which buildings have rear loading docks, where the overnight no-standing zones flip, and which cross-streets always back up at 4 PM. That familiarity compresses every call by 10–20 minutes compared to a generalist dispatched from a remote call center.
One thing that separates licensed operators from light-pole flyer outfits: the truck has the right equipment on board before it leaves the yard. For ev & tesla towing in Fresh Kills, that means the primary gear, the secondary gear, NYC-specific extras (wheel chocks that hold on Manhattan and Bronx hills, work lights for overnight shoulder calls, absorbent for fluid spills on residential streets), and full documentation kit (phone mount, dash camera, digital intake pad). Arrive prepared, finish fast.
What to Expect on a Fresh Kills EV & Tesla Towing Call
The first step is the phone call: (212) 470-4068. That number is answered in NYC by someone who knows Fresh Kills. Tell the dispatcher which cross-streets you are near, whether you are on a side street or on a main corridor, the vehicle (year / make / model), and what symptom or damage you are seeing. Extra details like "battery tested okay yesterday" or "the car was fine until I hit that pothole on the BQE" help dispatch pick the right truck and crew.
Step 2 happens before the call ends: the dispatcher quotes a flat rate and a live ETA for your ev & tesla towing job in Fresh Kills. Flat rate means the number you hear on the phone is the number on the invoice, unless the scope materially changes. If the dispatcher thinks the job might shift (a jump-start could become a tow because the alternator sounds dead), they will say so and quote both outcomes before dispatching. The ETA is based on which truck is nearest and what the current traffic looks like — not a generic "30 to 60 minutes."
Step 3 — Driver arrives at your Fresh Kills location, confirms the vehicle condition with you in person, takes timestamped photos (for your records and for ours), and walks through the procedure before touching anything. For tows in Fresh Kills, you see the tie-downs or hookup points before the vehicle moves. For roadside, you see the exact tool or part before it touches the vehicle. Nothing happens out of sight, and nothing happens without you understanding what is about to happen.
Final step: payment and receipt. The rate is the flat rate dispatch quoted at the start of the call. Payment on the scene can be any major credit card, Apple Pay, Google Pay, or cash. Insurance-covered jobs in Fresh Kills (accident tow, roadside under an insurance-provided plan) typically bill direct to the carrier — the driver gets the claim info from you and we handle the paperwork. Email receipt goes to you within minutes of the truck closing out the call.
A word on scope changes, because they happen on ev & tesla towing calls more than you might expect. Sometimes what sounded like ev & tesla towing on the phone is actually a different specialty issue once the driver looks at it. We handle that the same way: stop, re-diagnose, tell you what we see, quote the revised rate, and ask before proceeding. If a roadside fix is going to fail (bad alternator under a seemingly routine dead-battery call), we tell you now instead of taking the $85 and coming back for a second tow call in 20 minutes.
Fresh Kills Conditions That Drive EV & Tesla Towing Calls
Why does ev & tesla towing happen as often as it does in Fresh Kills? The short answer is density and stress. Staten Island runs hundreds of thousands of vehicles per square mile depending on where you count, and every one of them is subject to the same hazards: cold overnight temps, hot summer heat, pothole-strewn streets, bridge and tunnel shoulders with minimal safety margin, constant construction, and an enforcement environment that punishes any vehicle that sits still too long in the wrong place.
Pattern number one on our ev & tesla towing calls: EV battery fully depleted — range miscalculation or prolonged parking without charging, especially common on Teslas in winter when cold temperatures reduce effective range. Common across all of NYC but especially visible in Fresh Kills because of [density/parking/traffic specifics]. When this pattern shows up, the diagnostic is usually fast (minutes, not hours), the fix depends on whether the root cause is fixable on-site or requires a shop, and our dispatcher can usually tell which based on the phone description. That is why the phone call matters — it is half the diagnosis.
Beyond the primary cause, ev & tesla towing in Fresh Kills tracks to a short list of secondary patterns: collision damage — even a minor fender bender can trigger airbag or crash-sensor systems that lock out EV driving until serviced, software lockout — rare but real, the vehicle's software enters a state that prevents normal operation and needs dealer-level service, and charging port failure — the car can't accept a charge and needs to go to a service center in descending order. Each one implies a different on-scene procedure. A dispatcher who handles ev & tesla towing every day can tell from the phone description which pattern is most likely and sends the right truck accordingly.
NYC-specific conditions that shape ev & tesla towing in Fresh Kills: Tesla service centers in the NYC region — Manhattan (West 25th Street), Brooklyn (Red Hook), Queens (Long Island City), Paramus NJ, and Springfield NJ — and we route to the correct one based on the vehicle model and the issue. Rivian service is limited in NYC and many Rivian tows end up going to the Rivian service center in Gaithersburg MD or the Woodland Hills CA location — long-distance moves with flatbed. Garage clearance for Teslas and most EVs is fine (they're not unusually tall), but our flatbeds with an EV loaded can't clear low NYC garage heights — we meet customers at the garage entry rather than inside. Those factors do not appear in generic "how to call a tow truck" content you would find for Ohio or Florida — they are specific to NYC and specific to Staten Island.
Time of day changes the ev & tesla towing pattern in Fresh Kills. Morning commute (6–10 AM): high volume of dead-battery and no-start calls, especially in cold months. Midday (10 AM–4 PM): steady tow volume, roadside volume, and commercial work. Evening rush (4–7 PM): tow volume up, roadside slightly down, highway-corridor calls (BQE, LIE, Belt) peak. Overnight (10 PM–6 AM): lower total volume but more emergency and safety-critical calls. We staff accordingly.
Vehicle Types We Handle on EV & Tesla Towing Calls in Fresh Kills
Standard passenger vehicles — sedans, coupes, hatchbacks, compact SUVs — are the bulk of ev & tesla towing calls in Fresh Kills. Wheel-lift towing works for most of these, which is faster and fits better in tight Fresh Kills spots than a full flatbed. We pick the rig based on the vehicle, not based on what happens to be closest. If you drive a standard car with an internal combustion engine and a healthy drivetrain, wheel-lift is usually the correct answer. If anything makes it non-standard (AWD, EV, low clearance, modified suspension), the rig changes.
For Fresh Kills ev & tesla towing calls involving AWD or 4WD, the rig is always flatbed. No exceptions. Year/make/model at intake confirms it. If the customer says "just a regular car" but the VIN check reveals all-wheel-drive, we update the dispatch to flatbed before rolling. This is one of the places where knowing NYC's vehicle population pays off — our dispatchers know which models skew AWD and which are FWD even under the same nameplate.
EV handling on ev & tesla towing in Fresh Kills: flatbed with manufacturer-spec load procedure. Tesla, Rivian, Lucid, all European luxury EVs, and all the mainstream EVs from GM, Ford, Hyundai, Kia, Nissan get handled per their spec sheets. We do not experiment. We do not "just try it." A drive-wheels-on-ground tow of an EV produces motor damage that can total the vehicle — an outcome we have never caused and do not intend to start causing.
Heavy-duty and specialty vehicles need different gear. Box trucks, sprinter vans, contractor rigs, oversized SUVs, and anything over ~10,000 lbs gets heavy-duty service with the correct wrecker and trained driver. Motorcycles go on flatbed with soft straps and wheel chocks — they are not "just small cars" and the tie-down procedure is totally different. Our Fresh Kills dispatch distinguishes these on intake so the right equipment rolls.
EV & Tesla Towing Gear Every Fresh Kills Truck Carries
Our Fresh Kills ev & tesla towing rigs roll out with the tools the job actually needs. Item one is the primary piece: Documentation gear for before-and-after photos that go into your service record. Every truck also carries the redundancy — backup batteries for jump-starters, spare fuel cans for delivery trucks, extra lockout kits for vehicles that turn out to have different door-lock mechanisms than the dispatcher expected. Redundancy is cheap at the yard and expensive at the scene.
A 12V jump-starter for cases where the auxiliary battery died — sometimes waking the 12V is enough to let us move the car normally backs up the primary tool, and Low-angle ramp extensions for Teslas (Model S, Model X especially) and Lucid Air, all of which have lower ground clearance than typical cars handles the secondary situations that turn up on maybe one call in five. Experienced drivers know the phoned-in description does not always match what they find on scene — "dead battery" sometimes turns out to be a bad starter, "flat tire" sometimes turns out to be a broken control arm. The second and third items in the truck's kit cover those cases so the driver does not radio back to dispatch and wait for a second truck.
Beyond the primary three items, we carry: Soft tie-downs that attach to factory-specified points only — never to the battery tray, battery cables, or suspension components, Wheel skates (dollies that go under the drive wheels) for EVs that are in 'park' mode and the wheels won't turn — required for Teslas in particular, and the universal NYC extras — wheel chocks for hills, reflective gear for scene protection, work lights for night shoulders, tire inflator and air compressor for on-spot inflation needs, absorbent pads for fluid leaks, wrecker straps rated for the vehicle class we are working, and a first-aid kit that gets inventoried every month.
The documentation protocol: photos of all four corners before the driver touches anything, any pre-existing damage captured with a close-up, the hookup or procedure in progress, the completed job, and the drop-off at the destination. Digital receipt and signature captured on the driver's tablet. Everything pushed to your service record within minutes of completion. For Fresh Kills accident work, the full set goes to your insurance carrier automatically.
What Not to Do If You Need EV & Tesla Towing in Fresh Kills
The most common mistake we see on ev & tesla towing calls in Fresh Kills is dragging an ev even a short distance — back-emf from the spinning motor damages the inverter and controller within feet of movement. Drivers convince themselves the problem will sort itself out, they try to nurse the vehicle to a "safer" spot and make it worse, or they spend 40 minutes attempting a DIY fix before picking up the phone. Fresh Kills does not reward that patience — parking enforcement, NYPD towing of vehicles in travel lanes, theft from stationary vehicles, and the risk of a secondary collision all scale with time. Calling us at minute 2 instead of minute 42 changes the whole shape of the call.
Pattern two to avoid: not putting the tesla in transport mode before towing — tesla locks the drive system if the car doesn't know it's being towed, and the lock can damage components during loading. In Fresh Kills this tends to come as a truck pulling over uninvited offering a "quick fix" or a flat-rate cash deal. Sometimes it is honest, often it is not. The tell: a real dispatched operator has your ticket number, driver name, truck number, and destination already loaded — unsolicited arrivals have none of that. Keep your doors locked, stay in the car, and call dispatch back to confirm before engaging with anyone.
Avoid: letting a wheel-lift tow operator attempt an ev tow — every major ev manufacturer explicitly prohibits it, and doing so voids warranty on the drive system. Our Fresh Kills drivers confirm the rate verbally before execution and capture your signature on the tablet after the job — with the rate locked in. Anyone asking you to sign before the job is done, at a number "to be determined," is either sloppy or trying to upsell at the drop.
Final two common mistakes in Fresh Kills: skipping the documentation walkthrough and abandoning the vehicle before our arrival. On documentation: we take photos because we both benefit from the record. On abandonment: an NYC curb vehicle with hazards on and nobody inside is a theft-opportunity pattern. Stay with the car, or at least stay where you can watch it.
Everything Included on a Fresh Kills EV & Tesla Towing Call
Flatbed-Only Transport for Electric Vehicles. Teslas, Rivians, Lucids, and every other EV get flatbed-only transport. Towing an EV with lift slings or dollies destroys the drivetrain — we never do it. This service sits inside our specialty tows category, which covers junk cars, impound recovery, illegally parked enforcement, and abandoned vehicle removal. Across all 30 of our services, ev & tesla towing is one of the calls we run daily in Fresh Kills.
Standard ev & tesla towing scope for Fresh Kills calls: right-sized truck, full equipment kit, documentation photos, verbal walkthrough, flat-rate pricing, digital receipt. That is the package — no surprise extras, no "shop supplies" fee, no fuel surcharge, no "NYC metro fee." The number you heard on the phone is the number on the receipt.
Billing options for Fresh Kills work: carrier direct for covered accidents and roadside, on-scene payment for retail (all major cards, mobile pay, cash), net-30 invoicing for commercial accounts. Certificates of insurance on request for fleet setup. Our billing desk can reissue receipts, supply itemized breakdowns for expense claims, and answer insurance-adjuster questions within one business day.
After the job: if it is a tow from Fresh Kills, the vehicle goes exactly where you directed. Your home, a shop, a dealer, a body shop, an airport, an impound lot — whatever the destination, that is where it ends up. We do not redirect without your explicit okay. If there is a delay at the drop (the shop is backed up, nobody is home, the gate is locked), we call you and wait for direction before unloading anywhere else. No abandoned vehicles, no unauthorized re-routing.
Fresh Kills EV & Tesla Towing Prices & Payment
Rates for ev & tesla towing in Fresh Kills: base rates align with our full-borough pricing — $85 roadside flat, $125 light-duty tow base, $175 flatbed base, heavy-duty quoted per job. Mileage included for the first five miles on tows. Any delivered fuel billed at cost on top of the service rate. No surprise surcharges, no "metro fee," no after-hours or holiday upcharge.
To give a realistic price range for ev & tesla towing in Fresh Kills: roadside stays at the $85 flat rate on the majority of calls. Light-duty tows with short in-borough distance stay in the $125–$150 range. Flatbed tows from Fresh Kills to the SIN shop district or an out-of-borough specialty mechanic run $175–$250 depending on miles. Heavy-duty is custom. Every number is confirmed before dispatch.
Fresh Kills payment options for ev & tesla towing: every common method works — card, wallet, cash, direct-to-insurance for covered work, net-30 for commercial. For split billing (partial direct-to-insurance, partial out-of-pocket), coordinate at intake so the driver has the right paperwork on scene. Our billing desk can restructure invoices after the fact if something changes, but on-call is easier.
What drives up a ev & tesla towing rate in Fresh Kills: distance (after the first five free miles), vehicle class for heavy-duty, complexity of hookup (a car parked tight between concrete curbs on a narrow Fresh Kills block takes longer and sometimes requires skates), accident-scene cleanup time, and after-the-fact storage if the destination is closed and we have to hold the vehicle. None of these are surcharges we apply without your knowledge — dispatch flags the factors on the intake call.
EV & Tesla Towing for Insurance, Fleet, and Commercial Accounts in Fresh Kills
For insurance-covered ev & tesla towing work in Fresh Kills — accident tows, collision recovery, and roadside covered under your auto policy or a roadside-club membership — we bill direct to the carrier in most cases. You provide the policy number, claim number, and adjuster contact at intake. We handle the paperwork, submit through the carrier's standard process, and you pay $0 at the scene for the portion that is covered. Any remaining deductible or uncovered delta is charged to your card or billed separately, whichever you prefer.
Fleet accounts in Fresh Kills work like this: you call us once to set up the account, we issue an account number, and from then on your dispatch calls go directly to commercial routing — no waiting behind retail calls for a standard tow. Consistent driver rotation means the same people show up to your properties and learn the access points, the gate codes, and the vehicle inventory. Net-30 billing with consolidated statements simplifies your AP process.
Documentation package for Fresh Kills commercial ev & tesla towing: COI on request, W-9 on file, account agreement with payment terms, driver roster with license numbers (for property managers who require it for access), and a photo-delivery protocol per your fleet portal's specs. All of this lives in your account record and is pushed to your AP and ops contacts once.
When to Call for EV & Tesla Towing in Fresh Kills
Any time, any day, for ev & tesla towing in Fresh Kills. We do not charge a premium for overnight, weekend, or holiday work. Dispatch answers the phone at 3 AM on Christmas the same way it answers at 3 PM on Tuesday. The only thing that changes the rate is scope — the clock does not.
For immediate ev & tesla towing needs in Fresh Kills, same-day dispatch is standard. Most calls hit 20–40 minute arrival. Rush-hour and storm windows can extend the range, and our dispatcher tells you the real number on the intake call rather than underquoting and missing. We prefer a customer who knows arrival is 55 minutes and plans accordingly over a customer who was told 25 minutes and is furious at minute 55.
For planned ev & tesla towing runs in Fresh Kills — vehicle transfers between shops, fleet moves between yards, pre-inspection drop-offs, Monday-morning tow-to-shop runs scheduled Sunday night — book 24–48 hours ahead. 30-minute arrival window, same flat rate as unscheduled calls. Commercial clients often schedule weekly or monthly recurring runs on a standing basis.
For commercial clients with recurring ev & tesla towing needs in Fresh Kills — fleets, body shops, dealers, property managers, delivery operations — set up a fleet account. Priority dispatch over retail calls, consistent drivers who learn your properties, net-30 billing, consolidated monthly statements, and direct line to commercial dispatch during business hours. Account setup is 30 minutes by phone and the first call can run before paperwork is fully processed.
EV & Tesla Towing in Neighborhoods Around Fresh Kills
Fresh Kills is one of the neighborhoods we prioritize within our broader Staten Island ev & tesla towing operation. Trucks stage here or within minutes of here, which is why our arrival times in Fresh Kills are toward the fast end of our 20–40 minute range. Adjacent neighborhoods get the same priority — a truck in Fresh Kills is often the nearest available unit for a call a few blocks over, so response times stay tight across the whole zone.
Coverage beyond Fresh Kills proper: all adjacent Staten Island neighborhoods are within our response zone. If you called us from Fresh Kills but the vehicle is actually two blocks into the next neighborhood, we still handle the call at the same rate and response time. Live routing is smart enough to ignore administrative boundaries and pick the truck that can physically get there fastest.
The ETAs we quote for ev & tesla towing in Fresh Kills factor in real-time Staten Island conditions. Bridge backups, tunnel metering, active construction, weather, accident clearances, and current truck positions all go into the number. A dispatcher quoting 25 minutes has the live data to back that number up. If conditions deteriorate after the quote (surprise accident on the route), the driver notifies the customer and updates the ETA in real time.
Beyond Fresh Kills, our Staten Island network connects to the broader NYC coverage — all five boroughs, with cross-borough transfers, direct-to-shop drops, and outbound tows to the suburbs and beyond. A ev & tesla towing call that starts in Fresh Kills often ends somewhere else entirely (a shop in another borough, a dealer, a body shop, a residence across town). Our multi-borough operation makes those runs routine, not exceptional.
After the EV & Tesla Towing Call — What Happens Next
Receipt delivery: digital, immediate, itemized. Sent to the email address you gave dispatch at intake. Includes the service code, the flat rate, the completion photos, and the payment confirmation. For Fresh Kills ev & tesla towing work that is getting billed to insurance or reimbursed by an employer, this email is the document of record. Forward it to the adjuster or the expense desk — that is usually all they need.
For insurance-involved ev & tesla towing calls in Fresh Kills, the back-end processing runs in parallel to your next steps. We submit through the carrier's tow-vendor process, provide any supplementary documentation they request, and close out when they pay. If anything stalls (uncommon, but it happens with smaller carriers), our billing desk contacts you or your adjuster to unblock. You typically will not have to do anything between the scene and the claim closing.
When your ev & tesla towing job in Fresh Kills dropped the vehicle at a repair shop, we have already handed off the condition documentation to the shop. Your next step is typically to wait for the shop's diagnostic and estimate. If the shop ever raises a question about damage caused in transit, the pre-tow photos we took settle it immediately — that is exactly why we take them.
If you are going to need another ev & tesla towing call in Fresh Kills — common for fleets, body shops, and property managers — consider opening an account. Retail customers can also create a saved profile that pre-fills on future calls. Either way, the next ev & tesla towing job gets faster because dispatch already has your preferred payment method, your vehicle info, and your preferred shops or destinations. You skip the intake and go straight to dispatch.
Why Choose The NYC Towing Service for EV & Tesla Towing in Fresh Kills
The category of "ev & tesla towing operator in Fresh Kills" is crowded with names that are actually subcontractors, lead aggregators, or light-pole flyer shops. We are different: NYC DCWP-licensed operator, W-2 drivers, owned fleet, direct dispatch. That structure produces a different customer experience — one line of communication, one entity responsible, one flat rate, one receipt.
Our Fresh Kills drivers are licensed, insured, trained, and — critically — consistent. You get the same crew over time when you have a fleet or recurring account. That consistency eliminates the "we cannot access the property" calls that plague drivers who have never been to a given address before. Retail customers benefit too: the driver who shows up has been on dozens of similar calls in Fresh Kills already and does not need to figure out the neighborhood in real time.
Flat-rate, upfront pricing. NYC DCWP tow license. Commercial auto, garage liability, and on-hook insurance on every truck and every load. No storage fees on same-day drops. Receipts emailed before the truck leaves the scene. No "NYC surcharge," no "after-hours" surcharge, no "holiday" surcharge, no "fuel" surcharge. The rate is the rate, and we say it out loud on the intake call so you can write it down before we move.
To reach us for ev & tesla towing in Fresh Kills: (212) 470-4068. The phone is the fastest path. Always answered by a live dispatcher in NYC. For non-urgent ev & tesla towing (scheduled moves, commercial account setup, insurance-coordination questions), the website has a form that gets the same dispatcher to call you back. For urgent needs, phone wins every time.
Local Tips
EV & Tesla Towing Tips for Fresh Kills Drivers
Fresh Kills has its own patterns for ev & tesla towing calls — informed by Staten Island traffic, local streets, and the mix of vehicles on the road. Browse all Staten Island neighborhoods or get the full service overview on the EV & Tesla Towing service page. For the deep-dive how-to — step-by-step protocol, do's and don'ts, common causes, and FAQs — see the full EV & Tesla Towing guide.
- 1Fresh Kills has growing EV volume — always flatbed, never wheel-lift. Tell dispatch it's an EV up front.
- 2In Fresh Kills, destinations to shops or dealers may be outside the borough — confirm the flat-rate covers the distance.
- 3Snow extraction and winch-out calls are common in Fresh Kills during winter; dispatch has seasonal gear ready.
EV & Tesla Towing Pricing in Fresh Kills
Specialty Tows
Flat-rate pricing, quoted before dispatch.
No NYC surcharge. No after-hours markup. No storage fees on same-day drops.
Other Services in Fresh Kills
Light-Duty Towing
Fresh Kills, Staten Island
Motorcycle Towing
Fresh Kills, Staten Island
Heavy-Duty Towing
Fresh Kills, Staten Island
Flatbed Towing
Fresh Kills, Staten Island
Accident Recovery & Collision Towing
Fresh Kills, Staten Island
Long Distance Towing
Fresh Kills, Staten Island
RV & Motorhome Towing
Fresh Kills, Staten Island
Roadside Assistance
Fresh Kills, Staten Island
EV & Tesla Towing in Nearby Staten Island Neighborhoods
Our Staten Island Dispatch Hub — Serving Fresh Kills
1110 South Ave
Bloomfield, SIN 10314
(917) 277-0300
Corporate Park of Staten Island on South Avenue, minutes from the Goethals and the West Shore Expressway. Fastest response across the island — St. George to Tottenville, Travis to Great Kills — and direct access to the Verrazzano for Brooklyn crossings and the Bayonne Bridge for Jersey recoveries.
Get Directions →Need EV & Tesla Towing in Fresh Kills?
24/7 dispatch. Flat-rate pricing. Typical 20–40 min arrival.